Characterizations for the fractional integral operators in generalized Morrey spaces on Carnot groups

WOS: 000418838500011In this paper, we study the boundedness of the fractional integral operator I (alpha) on Carnot group G in the generalized Morrey spaces M (p, phi) (G). We shall give a characterization for the strong and weak type boundedness of I (alpha) on the generalized Morrey spaces, respectively. As applications of the properties of the fundamental solution of sub-Laplacian L on G, we prove two Sobolev-Stein embedding theorems on generalized Morrey spaces in the Carnot group setting.grant of the Presidium of the Azerbaijan National Academy of ScienceAzerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS); Ahi Evran University Scientific Research ProjectAhi Evran University [FEF.A3.16.024]The research of V. S. Guliyev was supported in part by the 2015 grant of the Presidium of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Science and by the Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Project under grant FEF.A3.16.024)

Revealing dynamics, communities and criticality from data

Complex systems such as ecological communities and neuron networks are essential parts of our everyday lives. These systems are composed of units which interact through intricate networks. The ability to predict sudden changes in the dynamics of these networks, known as critical transitions, from data is important to avert disastrous consequences of major disruptions. Predicting such changes is a major challenge as it requires forecasting the behaviour for parameter ranges for which no data on the system is available. We address this issue for networks with weak individual interactions and chaotic local dynamics. We do this by building a model network, termed an {}, consisting of the underlying local dynamics and a statistical description of their interactions. We show that behaviour of such networks can be decomposed in terms of an emergent deterministic component and a {} term. Traditionally, such fluctuations are filtered out. However, as we show, they are key to accessing the interaction structure. { We illustrate this approach on synthetic time-series of realistic neuronal interaction networks of the cat cerebral cortex and on experimental multivariate data of optoelectronic oscillators. } We reconstruct the community structure by analysing the stochastic fluctuations generated by the network and predict critical transitions for coupling parameters outside the observed range

Plasma proteome correlates of lipid and lipoprotein: biomarkers of metabolic diversity and inflammation in children of rural Nepal.

Proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism can modulate cardiovascular health. While often measured to assess adult metabolic diseases, little is known about the proteomes of lipoproteins and their relation to metabolic dysregulation and underlying inflammation in undernourished child populations. The objective of this population study was to globally characterize plasma proteins systemically associated with HDL, LDL, and triglycerides in 500 Nepalese children. Abnormal lipid profiles characterized by elevated plasma triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were common, especially in children with subclinical inflammation. Among 982 proteins analyzed, the relative abundance of 11, 12, and 52 plasma proteins was correlated with LDL-cholesterol (r = -0.43∼0.70), triglycerides (r = -0.39∼0.53), and HDL-C (r = -0.49∼0.79) concentrations, respectively. These proteins included apolipoproteins and numerous unexpected intracellular and extracellular matrix binding proteins, likely originating in hepatic and peripheral tissues. Relative abundance of two-thirds of the HDL proteome varied with inflammation, with acute phase reactants higher by 4∼40%, and proteins involved in HDL biosynthesis, cholesterol efflux, vitamin transport, angiogenesis, and tissue repair lower by 3∼20%. Untargeted plasma proteomics detects comprehensive sets of both known and novel lipoprotein-associated proteins likely reflecting systemic regulation of lipoprotein metabolism and vascular homeostasis. Inflammation-altered distributions of the HDL proteome may be predisposing undernourished populations to early chronic disease

Local differences of the position of the mental foramen

The mental foramen has been reported to vary in position in different ethnic groups. Repeated failures during injections and operative procedures involving the mental foramen suggest the presence of local differences in a given population. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible local differences of the mental foramen in Eastern Anatolian individuals in the Turkish population. The present investigation is based on the examination of 70 adult mandibles. The study consisted of three measurements, to include the relations of the mental foramen to the following: 1) the lower teeth; 2) the body of mandible; 3) the mandibular symphysis and posterior border of the ramus of the mandible. The most common position of the foramen was in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar tooth (relation IV), at the midpoint of the mandibular body height and at 1/3.5 of the distance from the mandibular symphysis to the posterior border of the ramus. Local differences of the mental foramen may occur in a population. Prior to surgery knowledge of the most common location of the foramen peculiar to a local population may enable effective mental block anaesthesia to be provided. (Folia Morphol 2008; 67: 32-35)

2000 Families: identifying the research potential of an origins - of migration study

Despite extensive recent advances in the empirical and theoretical study of migration, certain critical areas in the analysis of European migration remain relatively underdeveloped both theoretically and empirically. Specifically, we lack studies that both incorporate an origin comparison and trace processes of intergenerational transmission across migrants over multiple generations and incorporating family migration trajectories. This paper outlines the development, data and design of such a study, the 2000 Families study, framed within a theoretical perspective of ?dissimilation? from origins and over generations. We term the study an origins-of-migration study, in that it captures the country of origin, the family origins and potentially the originating causes of migration processes and outcomes. The resulting data comprised nearly 2,000 migrant and non-migrant Turkish families with members across three or more generations, covering. 50,000 individuals. We reflect on the potential of this study for migration research

A Process‐Based Framework to Characterize and Classify Runoff Events: The Event Typology of Germany

This study proposes a new process‐based framework to characterize and classify runoff events of various magnitudes occurring in a wide range of catchments. The framework uses dimensionless indicators that characterize space–time dynamics of precipitation events and their spatial interaction with antecedent catchment states, described as snow cover, distribution of frozen soils, and soil moisture content. A rigorous uncertainty analysis showed that the developed indicators are robust and regionally consistent. Relying on covariance‐ and ratio‐based indicators leads to reduced classification uncertainty compared to commonly used (event‐based) indicators based on absolute values of metrics such as duration, volume, and intensity of precipitation events. The event typology derived from the proposed framework is able to stratify events that exhibit distinct hydrograph dynamics even if streamflow is not directly used for classification. The derived typology is therefore able to capture first‐order controls of event runoff response in a wide variety of catchments. Application of this typology to about 180,000 runoff events observed in 392 German catchments revealed six distinct regions with homogeneous event type frequency that match well regions with similar behavior in terms of runoff response identified in Germany. The detected seasonal pattern of event type occurrence is regionally consistent and agrees well with the seasonality of hydroclimatic conditions. The proposed framework can be a useful tool for comparative analyses of regional differences and similarities of runoff generation processes at catchment scale and their possible spatial and temporal evolution

A REVIEW ON SUN-PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

The sun is ultraviolet (UV) radiation source. Damage to skin cells from ultraviolet exposure can lead to the carcinogenic problem such as skin cancer. Clothes and protective agents in cosmetics could be supplied personal protection from UV radiations. The assessment of UV transmittance of clothing and the determination of the UV protection factor (UPF) is crucial for skin cancer. The pathogenesis of epithelial skin cancers causes effects in the human bodies such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and malignant melanoma (MM) could be prevented by suitable UV-protective clothing. UV protective clothes have some characteristic properties such as fiber type, yarn construction, fabric construction, fabric weight and thickness, coloring process, standards and presence of UV radiation absorbers. These parameters have a direct effect on the effectiveness of sun protection and consequently the risk of skin cancer. The increasing of skin cancer rates in past several decades has increased the interest sun-protective clothing. A lot of work has been done around the world on about sun-protective clothes. The aims of this review are to explain properties, standards, and applications of sun-protective clothes, change people's sun behavior and raise awareness for the use of adequate sun-protective clothing

Determination of Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenesis Activities of Indonesian Lai, Durio kutejensis [Bombacaceae (Hassk) Becc] Fruit Extract

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis activities of Durio kutejensis [Bombacaceae (Hassk.) Becc] fruit extract.Methods: The fruit flesh of D. kutejensis was extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate/EtOAc, and ethanol/EtOH at room temperature repeatedly. The extracts were concentrated in vacuo to yield their residues. Antioxidant properties were analyzed by 2,2'-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) while anti-melanogensis activity was evaluated by tyrosinase enzyme activity and B16 melanoma cell assays (melanin inhibition and cytotoxicity).Results: The extract (200 μg/mL) showed melanin inhibition by inhibiting melanin formation in B16 melanoma cell by 47 % without cytotoxicity but did not inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity. The extract (1 - 1000 μg/mL) also exhibited some level of antioxidant activity including ORAC (0.04 ± 0.00 μmol TE/mg at 950 μg/mL), ABTS (1.0 ± 0.2 % at 100.8 μg/mL), SOD (IC50, 76.00 ± 14.6 μg/mL, and DPPH (21.5 ± 0.7 % at 97.39 μg/mL extract concentration).Conclusion: The fruit extract of Durio kutejensis has antioxidant properties with a potential for treating hyperpigmentation and for use as a skin-lightening agent.Keywords: Durio kutejensis, Antioxidant, Anti-melanogenesis, B16 Melanoma cell Hyperpigmentation, Skin-lightening agen

Pervasively anoxic surface conditions at the onset of the Great Oxidation Event: new multi-proxy constraints from the Cooper Lake paleosol

Oceanic element inventories derived from marine sedimentary rocks place important constraints on oxidative continental weathering in deep time, but there remains a scarcity in complementary observations directly from continental sedimentary reservoirs. This study focuses on better defining continental weathering conditions near the Archean-Proterozoic boundary through the multi-proxy (major and ultra-trace element, Fe and Cr stable isotopes, μ-XRF elemental mapping, and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology) investigation of the ca. 2.45 billion year old (giga annum, Ga) Cooper Lake paleosol (saprolith), developed on a sediment-hosted mafic dike within the Huronian Supergroup (Ontario, Canada). Throughout the variably altered Cooper Lake saprolith, ratios of immobile elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Th, Al, Ti) are constant, indicating a uniform pre-alteration dike composition, lack of extreme pH weathering conditions, and no major influence from ligand-rich fluids during weathering or burial metasomatism/metamorphism. The loss of Mg, Fe, Na, Sr, and Li, a signature of albite and ferromagnesian silicate weathering, increases towards the top of the preserved profile (unconformity) and dike margins. Coupled bulk rock behaviour of Fe-Mg-Mn and co-localization of Fe- Mn in clay minerals (predominantly chlorite) indicates these elements were solubilized primarily in their divalent state without Fe/Mn-oxide formation. A lack of a Ce anomaly and immobility of Mo, V, and Cr further support pervasively anoxic weathering conditions. Subtle U enrichment is the only geochemical evidence, if primary, that could be consistent with oxidative element mobilization. The leaching of ferromagnesian silicates was accompanied by variable mobility and depletion of transition metals with a relative depletion order of Fe≈Mg≈Zn\u3eNi\u3eCo\u3eCu (Cu being significantly influenced by secondary sulfide formation). Mild enrichment of heavy Fe isotopes (δ56/54Fe from 0.169 to 0.492 ‰) correlating with Fe depletion in the saprolith indicates loss of isotopically light aqueous Fe(II). Minor REE+Y fractionation with increasing alteration intensity, including a decreasing Eu anomaly and Y/Ho ratio, is attributed to albite breakdown and preferential scavenging of HREE\u3eY by clay minerals, respectively. Younger metasomatism resulted in the addition of several elements (K, Rb, Cs, Be, Tl, Ba, Sn, In, W), partly or wholly obscuring their earlier paleo-weathering trends. The behavior of Cr at Cooper Lake can help test previous hypotheses of an enhanced, low pH-driven continental weathering flux of Cr(III) to marine reservoirs between ca. 2.48-2.32 Ga and the utility of the stable Cr isotope proxy of Mn-oxide induced Cr(III) oxidation. Synchrotron μ- XRF maps and invariant Cr/Nb ratios reveal complete immobility of Cr despite its distribution amongst both clay-rich groundmass and Fe-Ti oxides. Assuming a pH-dependent, continental source of Cr(III) to marine basins, the Cr immobility at Cooper Lake indicates either that signatures of acidic surface waters were localized to uppermost and typically unpreserved regolith horizons or were geographically restricted to acid-generating point sources. However, in given detrital pyrite preservation in fluvial sequences overlying the paleosol, we propose that the oxidative sulphide corrosion required to drive surface pH(δ53/52Cr: -0.321 ± 0.038 ‰, 2sd, n=34) that cannot be linked to Cr(III) oxidation and is instead interpreted to have a magmatic origin. The combined chemical signatures and continued preservation of detrital pyrite/uraninite indicate low atmospheric O2 during weathering at ca. 2.45 Ga preserved in the rift-related sedimentary rocks of the Lower Huronian. The aqueous flux from the reduced weathering of mafic rocks was characterized by a greater abundance of transition metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, Ni) with isotopically light Fe(II), as well as higher Eu/Eu* and Y/Ho. In most models of Precambrian ocean element inventories, hydrothermal fluids are viewed as the main supplier of several metals (e.g., Fe, Zn), although the results herein suggest that a riverine metal supply may have been substantial and that using Eu-excess as a strict proxy for hydrothermal flux may be misleading in near-shore marine sedimentary environments